UVeliky Novgorod uyidolobha elidala kakhulu eRussia, ngoba ukushiwo okokuqala kwawo kukhulunywa ngamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye unyaka nokwesaba kwaleso esabekayo kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. Kwakukulo muzi lapho kwabhalwa khona izincwadi zokuqala zaseRussia, futhi lalitholakala ukuthi ama-diploma angafani nalutho ahlukile. Futhi le ngumnyuziyamu wedolobha. Lapha kukhona zonke izifiso zomphefumlo - amapaki, amachibi, amahlathi omfula kanye nezikhumbuzo eziningi zomlando. Ngabe nathi thina kanye nomlingani wami singaphuthelwa yingcebo enjalo? Ukuze uhlole zonke izindawo ezithokozisayo zalo muzi, kuyadingeka ukwaba okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi zamaholide akho. Manje ngizozama ukuchaza okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukubona okuthakazelisa kakhulu kweVeliky Novgorod, okumele kubhekwe kokuqala kwabo bonke.
USophia Cathedral . Leli Cathedral lingenye yezikhumbuzo ezivelele kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwezikhathi zeRussia yasendulo. Ekuqaleni, leli Cathedrali laliyithempeli elingoko, ngoba lakhiwa ngokuhleleka kwePrince Vladimir, eyayiyindodana kaJaroslav ihlakaniphile. Ithempeli lakhiwa iminyaka emihlanu, futhi uma linembe kakhudlwana, kwaqala ukwakhiwa konyaka owodwa wamashumi amane nesihlanu, kwaqedwa izinkulungwane zamashumi ayisihlanu. Ithempeli lenkosi, isonto lesonto lalingeyona isikhathi eside, ngoba selivele lisemashumi amathathu ekhulu leshumi nambili, waphenduka ithempeli elikhulu leqembu leNovgorod. Isithombe sethempeli siyisikhumbuzo futhi sikhulu, futhi sihambisana nezindawo ezinhlanu. Isakhiwo esimaphakathi, esivela ezinhlangothini ezintathu, sizungezwe imidwebo ebanzi emibili. Ngaphakathi kwethempeli, kufakwa i-iconostasis ezintathu. Izithonjana eziseCathedral ziningi kakhulu, futhi phakathi kwazo, njenge-Eupiimia ezinkulu, savalwa zangcweliswa, isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "uphawu", isithonjana esikhulu se-Anthony, iTikhvin Isithonjana seNkotho. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu, izinsalela zabangcwele abayisithupha zihlala zisethempelini - izikhulu zaseMtiki naseFedori, uPrincess Irina nendodana yakhe uVladimir, u-Archbishoshe uNikita noJohane. ICathedral, inenganekwane yayo. Ezinkulungwaneni elilodwa namakhulu ayisihlanu, ama-Ivan Grozne, izakhamizi zalo muzi zacekelwa phansi. Ngakho-ke, nguNovgorod, ijuba landiza ngalesi sikhathi, esakhathele futhi lahlala phansi ukuze liphumule esiphambanweni umqhele wesonto lesonto lesonto lesonto lesonto. Ukuphumula nokubheka nxazonke, ijuba labona lolu hlangothi olubi futhi ngokweqiniso, luyathuthukiswa ngenxa eyethusayo. Emva kwesikhashana, enye yezindela kwakuyintombi nto, eyayimtshela ukuthi kwakungeyona ijuba elilula, njengoba ithunyelwa ukuze adule lo muzi, futhi aze afike ngaphansi kwesiphambano, leli dolobha lizoba ngaphansi kokuvikeleka kwakhe ukuphaphama . Ezikhathini zempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, isiphambano nejuba sakhishwa kwabaseSpain abalwa ngasohlangothini lwabaseJalimane, futhi balubuyisela endaweni yabo yangaphambili, bephethwe kuphela ngonyaka wezinkulungwane ezimbili nowesine.
Isikhumbuzo "Millennia of Russia" . Itholakala endaweni yedolobha iKremlin. Njengoba isikhumbuzo sinikezelwe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhumbuzo selokhu kuvumelana nombuso waseRussia, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kufanele kube neqiniso lokuthi lasungulwa eminyakeni eyinkulungwane namashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Lesi yisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngokusobala futhi sakha, sifana nensimbi lapho amakhosi cishe kuwo wonke amakhosi aseRussia, umphathi omkhulu, abaholi abavelele baseRussia, izindela nababhali bakhona. Sekukonke, kulesi sikhumbuzo, kunezinhlamvu eziyikhulu namashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye zabantu abavelele ngasikhathi sinye bakushiya ukufakwa emlandweni wombuso. Isikhumbuzo sithweswe umqhele ngebhola lamandla, futhi ingelosi ikhuphuka phezu kwayo, ophethe isiphambano sakhe esiseduze naye ethangeni lakhe, ame owesifazane ongumfanekiso waseRussia.
Sofia belfry . Ungayincoma ku-Novgorod Kremlin. Ikhulunywa okokuqala ngeSofia Belfry, ibililwa yinkulungwane namakhulu amane namashumi amathathu nesikhombisa. Ngokusho kombiko ovela ku-Chronicle, kwenzeke isikhukhula esinamandla kakhulu, esageza udonga lweKremlin futhi lwasonga iBelfry. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, ekuqaleni bekungulolulry ngqo odongeni lweKremlin, noma lwalusondele kulo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kule micimbi ehlanekezelekile, kwakhiwa iBelfry entsha, kepha wahlala yakhe kabusha. Maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesithupha, kwakusimanje ngandlela-thile ngokwakha izinsika eziyisithupha, ezakha ama-spans nezinsimbi ezifakiwe kuzo. Kulezo zikhathi ezikude, uSofia Knevs wezwakala ebangeni lamamayela angamashumi amahlanu, futhi babedume ngokuhleleka kwabo okumangalisayo. Lezi zinsimbi nomsindo wazo omangalisayo, uzinze kahle enhliziyweni yomqambi ovelele uSergei Rakhmaninov, owazalelwa endleleni kulezi zingxenye.
Kusukela lapho, izinsimbi zikwazile ukuhlukumeza ngomlando wabo omubi, owenzeke kubo ngo-August inkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amane nanye. Ngalezo zinsuku, izinsimbi zazifuna ukusindisa ngokuzimela nokuzishintsha endaweni ephephile, kodwa embhedeni wakule ndawo, kwafika ibhomu laseJalimane. Izinsimbi zazincane, kodwa ezimbili zazo, futhi ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa zikwazi ukusindisa nokungcwaba. Ngenxa yokuthi leli dolobha lalihlala lidutshulwa futhi imisindo yesibhamu ibingakaze lihambeni kakhulu, izinsimbi ngokwalo zazihlupheka kakhulu, futhi zazinokuhlelela okungaphezulu kokuhlelela. Yabuyiselwa ngokushesha ngokushesha, ngoba ngonyaka eziyinkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amane nesishiyagalombili, uSofia Belfry wabheka ngendlela efanayo nangeshumi nesikhombisa. Izinsimbi ezazikwazi ukusinda, futhi ezingcwatshwe, zabuyela endaweni yazo efanele, kodwa kuphela ngendandatho ababengafanele. Namuhla, lezi zinsimbi bezingakaze ziye noma kuphi, zisendaweni yazo, iqiniso lizibeka ezindabeni ezisesikhundleni esikhethekile. Angikwazi ukudlulisa kuwe ngamagama, bese ngizwa lapho ubathinta ngentende yakho. Okokuqala, imizwa imvelo impela, ngoba ngaphansi kwensimbi ebandayo yesundu, kepha lapho ifudumala ekushiseni komzimba womuntu, khona-ke kufana nokuthi kuphila. Iqiniso lokuthi izinsimbi ezindala azifaneleki ukukhishwa kwemisindo ye-melodic kusuka kubo akufanele kuphazamise izivakashi zedolobha, ngoba izinsimbi ezintsha ezifakwe ezinsimbi, ezimbizeki zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, nsuku zonke kabili ngosuku, ku ekuseni nakusihlwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ukujabulela ukukhala kwabo. Ngikholwe, izinzwa zimane zingachazeki!