IVOOLOGDA yiqiniso elinye lamadolobha asenyakatho nasenyakatho yaseRussia, kanti amathempeli amadala nezindlu zomthengisi zigcinwa ngokuphelele lapha. Manje kwirejista yombuso kazwelonke kufakwe izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-190 kanye noMdala kunabo bonke bavela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Ngakho-ke okuhehayo okuyinhloko eVologda kungabizwa ngegama lesikhumbuzo sokwakha inkunzi, umhlangano wesikhungo esingokomlando, amathempeli amatshe namasonto, iminyuziyamu enezinkundla zemidlalo, kanye namapaki kanye nemifanekiso yasemasha.
Isikhungo seVerologda sithathwa njengeplatifomu elivila - ezikhathini zakudala ezizungeze lapho bekukuqinisa ukuhlaliswa kweVologda, kahle, futhi manje kukhona umgwaqo omatasatasa we-burmagins eduze kwale ndawo. Kulezi zinsuku, isikhumbuzo esiyisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-800 yeVelologda safakwa endaweni yakwavila, futhi phambili kuye kunesikhumbuzo esiya eMonk Gerasim Voourolda, empeleni ngumsunguli waleli dolobha.
Qala ukwazana kwakho neDolobha kungcono kakhulu ngeVologda Kremlin. Cishe kungenye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu ze-vintage ezibalulekile ngokomlando. Ngeshwa, iKremlin ngokwayo ayigcinwanga kuze kube namuhla, kepha kunezinye izindawo ezithokozisayo esigcawini esikhulu lapha. I-Kremlin yakhiwa ngo-1567 ngesimemezelo sika-Ivan esibi futhi yabe yafakwa odongeni lwamamitha amathathu nemibhoshongo engaphezu kwama-20. Ekuqaleni, iKremlin yasebenza njengenqaba yasemadolobheni, ngakho imibhoshongo nezindonga zaqiniswa kahle.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-1612, azikho izindonga noma umbhoshongo owasindisa idolobha ekuhlaselweni kwamabutho asePoland naseLithuania. Ingxenye encane yezakhiwo zokhuni yabe isishiswa, kwakhiwa kabusha kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20. Ngaphakathi kweKremlin kwakukhona idolobha elincane elinama-avenees, emigwaqweni nasezakhiweni zokuhlala, futhi enkabeni atholakale eSofia Cathedral. Namuhla, kusukela kwangaphambili iVologda Kremlin, ngeshwa, kusele kancane kwesobunxele, futhi kwenzeka ngoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX konke okungahlakazwa ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kwahlala kuphela izakhiwo ezimbalwa zomlando.
Isibonelo, iSonto Lovuko, elisho izikhumbuzo zokwakhiwa kobumbano. Bakwakhele emuva ngo-1776 futhi ekwakheni kwakuyitshe nje elivela embhoshongweni weKremlin. Isonto lesonto linezitezi ezimbili futhi lihlalisana abane ndawonye neRectory. Isitayela sezakhiwo se-Cathedral ingxube yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - i-ampury, i-Russian Northern and Classic Baroque. Ngekhulu le-XIX, phakathi nokwakhiwa kabusha, ingaphakathi lesonto lesonto laguqulwa ngokuphelele.
IVOOLOGDA Sophia Cathedral ibhekwa njengesakhiwo samatshe esidala edolobheni, ngoba saqala ukusakhela ngo-1568. Namuhla, kuyindawo ethandwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela kubahambi, kodwa futhi nasezivakashi eziningi eziheha ukubukeka kwayo kanye nomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu ongaphakathi. Leli Cathedral lakhiwa kwisampula yesonto lesonto laseMoscow nasekwakhiweni kwalo kwathatha iminyaka engama-20, ngeshwa, ngengekhulu lempi, ngesikhathi sempi nePoland, walimala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanayo ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha kwavuselelwa. Futhi yize ezweni laseSoviet kuleli sonto lesonto lesonto alizange likhuleke, kepha nokho lingakubhubhisi, kodwa yadluliselwa emnyuziyamu wendawo. Ngo-1935, leli thempeli laqashelwa njengesikhumbuzo somlando.
Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwathi lapho kufinyelela eRevolution, iCargtyard yaseBishop yayibhekwa njengesikhungo se-Vologda Giocese wonke. Kulezi zinsuku, ubizwa ngokuthi iKremlin encane. Cishe kusondelene neSophia Cathedral futhi empeleni kuqukethe izakhiwo eziningana. Ngokombono ongokomlando, okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwawo kukhona izidumbu ezomnotho, ngoba kugcinwe kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Yebo, sekuvele izakhiwo ezintsha kanye nezakhiwo ezintsha zengezwe ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zakhiwo azikaze zakhiwe kabusha, kepha zibuyiselwa njalo. Manje ezakhiweni zeCargtyard yaseBishop kuyinto enkulu yemnyuziyamu ye-Vologda.
Kuyiqiniso, wonke umuntu wezwa nge-Vologda Lace Lace, ngakho-ke, ngokuba eVelologda lawo, ngokuqinisekile kufanele ubheke emnyuziyamu we-lace, ngendlela ecishe ibe maphakathi nedolobha. Ukuchazwa unomphela kule mnyuziyamu kwavulwa ngo-2010 kuphela, nasemkhosini oqinile ngaleso sikhathi kwaya izivakashi ezivela emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2015, iVelologda Museum of Lace iphakathi kweminyuziyamu ephakeme ye-TOP Of World's Mound. Ukuchazwa komnyuziyamu akuchazwa hhayi emlandweni we-Vologda Lace, kepha nangesiko lomhlaba, ngoba ukuqoqwa kwakhiwa phakathi neminyaka emide kakhulu. Embukisweni ubona izingubo ezithunga izingcweti zeVOOLOGDA ngemidwebo yezingubo zendabuko zamakhulu eminyaka adlule. Kungabonakala lapha futhi amasampula aseYurophu, futhi aqhathanise i-Austrian, isiPolish, isiJalimane ne-Belgian lace uqobo.
Enye imnyuziyamu ethokozisayo yeVologda ebizwa ngokuthi "umhlaba wezinto ezikhohliwe." Lapho ufika lapho, khona-ke isikhathi esifana nokuthi sincipha ngokwaso. Ngaphambi kwawo wonke umuntu uhlangabezana negumbi lokuhlala elimnandi ngamalambu, nge-samovar kanye nomoya ojwayelekile opholile olinganiselayo. Ngaphambi kwenguquko, umndeni walowo mthengisi uPanteleeva wahlala lapha, futhi emva kwakhe, indlu yayingenalutho. Kusukela ngo-1991, le ndlu iye yanquma ukudlulisa umnyuziyamu - ukuya ebhukwini futhi yaqala ukuhlela ukudala ukufana okuthile komnyuziyamu wemibhalo. Kepha kuye kwakungekho imibukiso eyanele, ngakho-ke banquma ukudala indlu yesampula yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Phansi komhlaba kunegumbi lokudlela, igumbi lokuhlala, izingane kanye nehhovisi. Emakamelweni omnyuziyamu ungabona izinto eziningi ezitholakala akuvamile impela, ngokwesibonelo, i-gramophone enamapuleti, futhi ngendlela, iyasebenza. Imnyuziyamu imvamisa kakhulu izilo zomculo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, lapho ungalalela khona umculo ovela emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Futhi ngezikhathi ezithile abaculi banamuhla baboniswa lapha. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene zivame ukutholakala phakathi kwezivakashi ziye emnyuziyamu.
Kukhona nesikhumbuzo esithandekayo kakhulu futhi esingajwayelekile kakhulu encwadini ethi "O" eVOOLOGDA. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka-2012 futhi iyisipho esiyingqayizivele edolobheni kuze kube semkhumbulweni angama-865. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi le ncwadi eyabelwe kahle ezingxoxweni zabahlali bendawo, futhi imvamisa itholakala ngamagama amapaki, izigcawu, ngamagama ezitolo nezinye izindawo. Ngokubukeka kwakho, le ncwadi ephethwe kahle kufanele ibonge kubafundi be-Institute of Business.
Emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia, iminyuziyamu yasendlini igcinwe, lapho uMbusi uPhetro ngike ngama ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi, i-Vologda akuyona into ehlukile kulokhu. Emuva ngo-1885, kwavulwa umnyuziyamu wendlu endaweni ethile yendlu encane emabhange omfula. Eqinisweni, lesi sakhiwo asizange sibe ngoPhetro kuqala, nabathengisi babazalwane baseHolland -Adolf naseJohann Gutmann babehlala kulo, okwakufika eVologda emuva ngo-1652. Babenezindlu ezazinemizi eminingi futhi baxhumana kakhulu noPetru. Kepha kuzo zonke lezi zindlu manje kuphela indlu, lapho uPetru wayeka njalo ohambweni lakhe eVologda.
Ngakho-ke ukugubha iminyaka engama-200 yombusi waseRussia kwakhiwa futhi kwashaywa isikwele, base bengcwelisiwe bavulwa ngo-1885 yiMnyuziyamu. Endlini kunamakamelo amabili kuphela - angaphandle nekamelo elincane elinamagumbi amabili. Okokuqala, ekuchazeni kwemnyuziyamu kwakukhona imibukiso ecishe ibe ngu-500. Lezi kwakuyizindondo, izinhlamvu zemali, izihlalo, izincwadi zevintage, izinto ezahlukahlukene zaleso sikhathi ngisho nakuyo. Esikhathini saseSoviet esakhiweni esimile umnyuziyamu wendawo, kahle, futhi manje, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwemali, okuvezwa okusha eMnyuziyamu, okuletha indlu ecebile yekhulu leshumi nanye. Ukuqoqwa okwazi ukubona imibukiso eminingi, phakathi kwazo kunezingubo zikaPhetro nezimiso zangempela zombusi, izihlalo zamaDashi nokunye.