Indaba yami ngoKaluga, mhlawumbe engapheli, ngoba ngithanda lo muzi kakhulu kangangokuba ngangifuna nokuhlala kuyo. Kuyiqiniso, empeleni, singakwazi, kepha amaqiniso abuhlungu empilweni, wonke abeka konke okusendaweni yethu. Ngakho-ke ngathola noKaluga. Ngazi into eyodwa kuphela ukuthi ngizoza kulo muzi kunoma yiliphi ithuba elincane. Uyazi ukuthi yini engiyithandayo eKluga? Konke! Kulabo abahlela uhambo oluya kulo muzi, ngizobhala okuncane okuphawuleka kwezindawo ezithokozisayo zendawo. Vele, zonke izindawo ezithokozisayo ongangichaza ngazo ngeke zikwazi ukuchaza, kepha nakhu mayelana nalabo abakufanele ukubuka kuqala, akunankinga.
Umnyuziyamu weCosmonautics ebizwa nge-K.E. Tsiolkovskky . Ungayithola emgwaqweni weNdlovukazi ye-Academian. Lo mnyuziyamu, waba ngumnyuziyamu wokuqala we-cosmonautics wezwe futhi kuze kube manje, mkhulu kunabo bonke eRussia. Yasungulwa eminyakeni eyinkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa. Ekwakhekeni komnyuziyamu akuzange kubiza ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwama-cosmonauts adume umhlaba wonke anjenge-yu.a. UGagarin noS.P. Queen. Ukuchazwa komnyuziyamu, tshela izivakashi ngomlando wokwakheka kwe-rocket nobuchwepheshe besikhala, ama-aeronautics kanye nendiza. Njengoba iMnyuziyamu inegama layo, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile kusemisebenzini yeK. Tsiolkovsky. Imnyuziyamu iveza iqoqo elibanzi le-rocket endine. Imnyuziyamu ine-planetarium evumelekile lapho ama-workshops ahlala njalo.
Kaluga Arbat. . Unegama elingaphansi kwelilodwa - umgwaqo weshashalazi. Kusukela ngonyaka wezinkulungwane ezimbili nowesishiyagalolunye, lo mgwaqo waguqulwa waba ngumzali futhi yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-Arbat. Kulesi sikhungo seKaluga Arbat, uphawu lwe- "zero ikhilomitha lomgwaqo oluya esifundeni saseKaluga lufakiwe. Lesi sibonakaliso saphonswa efektri yezobunjiniyela bendawo. Umgwaqo uhlangabezana ngokugcwele zonke izidingo zabahamba ngezinyawo, njengoba kunezitolo, izitolo, amathofi nezinye injabulo zokuphila. Uma imilenze ikhathele ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ungahlala esitolo futhi uphumule, uncoma izimila zezitshalo zezimbali. Kusihlwa, izibani zifakwa lapha futhi emabhentshini amukelekile othandweni. Kepha ukugqama kwale arbat ukuthi abaculi bendawo baqhuba imibukiso lapha. Ngimane ngithandaze imicimbi enjalo, ngoba izingcweti zezobuciko zakha ubuciko obunjalo, lapho kutholakala khona nje ukuklebhula ukubukeka. Ngendlela, uma ufuna ukuletha isikhumbuzo esingenakulibaleka esivela eKaluga, khona-ke kusemgwaqweni lapho kuvezwa okunezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezinkulu ezitolo eziningi.
Cathedral kaZiqu-zintathu Kwempilo . Ithempeli lenziwe, yisonto elikhulu laseKaluga futhi libizwa nangokuthi "inhliziyo" yedolobha. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwaleli thempeli kukhulunywa ngenkulungwane eyodwa kweziyishumi amakhulu ayisithupha. Uma ukholelwa kwi-Nikonovsky Chronicle, khona-ke iLhadmitryry yesibili yangcwatshwa eduze kwaleli phoyisa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ithempeli lashiswa nama-zaporozhets emabizweni ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwale micimbi edabukisayo, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakha ithempeli lamatshe kule ndawo, kodwa ngeshwa alizange lilibambe futhi lawa masinyane. Ukwakhiwa kwesonto lanamuhla, okungukuthi, manje, ongenisa omunye umuntu, waqala ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha. Ngomphrotho wesonto lesonto, umdwebi we.Da wasebenza. Capangin. Ukwakha kwakudinga isikhathi esikhulu sesikhathi futhi ngakho-ke kwaphela kuphela eminyakeni eyinkulungwane namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili nanye. Ngonyaka emva kokuphela komsebenzi wokwakha, ithempeli lalingcwelisiwe. Cishe ngokushesha, leli Cathedral lalingezenzelwe izakhamizi ziwuphawu oluyimpumputhe lokunqoba empini yokuthanda izwe, inkulungwane neshumi nesishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Kepha kulokhu, ukungaziphathi kwakhe kwakungekhona, ngoba ekugcineni kwe-Okthoba Revolution ngonyaka owodwa namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye neshumi nesikhombisa isiphetho sakhe sisinda kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwesonto lesonto, kuhlala kufakwa usongo lokubhujiswa ngokubukela phansi, ngoba lo mbuzo waphakanyiswa kaninginingi. Ngokuhamba kwayo yonke le micimbi, iCathedral yalahlekelwa iparele yayo eyigugu - iconostasa Kazakov. Yonke imidwebo eyingqayizivele eyayihlobise udonga lwasethempelini, kwakuyi-BARBARIC Peape Painted. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, isibhedlela sezindawo zokugcina iziqubu zempi kanye nezindawo zokugcina amasosha zempi zahlelwa ezindongeni zethempeli. Esontweni laseKhathedrali bebelokhu bexabana njalo futhi bangamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ngonyaka wokuqala, waphindwa esontweni.
I-Stone Bridge eKaluga . Lona i-viaduct enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Yakhelwe I-Architect Yakhe P.r. Nikitin. Bayakha masinyane esikhathini esivela emabizweni ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa unyaka owodwa namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Ubude bebhuloho bungaphezu kwamamitha ayikhulu futhi budlula phezu kwe-berezuevsky hivine ezansi, ezigeleza umfudlana weBerezui. Isici sezakhiwo sebhuloho ukuthi liqukethe kusuka kuma-arches ayishumi nanhlanu, ezintathu zazo eziphakathi futhi zinezitezi ezimbili. Sekukonke, ukuphakama okuphelele kwaleli bhuloho lilingana namamitha angamashumi amabili nantathu. Kuze kube namuhla, leli bhuloho lisebenza futhi lihamba kulo, liyaphila impela. Umphumela onjalo wafinyelelwa ngokubuyiselwa okugcwele, okwabanjwa yibhuloho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili neshumi. Ukusuka ebhulohweni uqobo, kuvulela ubuhle bayo, ukubukeka okuhle futhi okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuthandwa kakhulu ngabasanda kushada, phakathi kwayo abakujabulela kakhulu.
Isikhumbuzo se-Yu.A. Gagarin . Isikhumbuzo sitholakala emgwaqweni weNdlovukazi yase-Academian, hhayi kude neMnyuziyamu yeCosmonautics. Ukuphakama kwesikhumbuzo kungamamitha amabili nanhlanu. Inokubukeka okubukhali, okungukuthi, kubonisa i-astronaut enkulu edumile uGagarin Yuri aleksevich, omi ezisekelweni. Umbhali wephrojekthi yalolu sifanekiso, waba u-Alexey Leonov.
Ngendlela, lesi sikhumbuzo sinewele, elitholakala edolobheni laseBorovsk. Umlobi wale phrojekthi, wayefuna ukudala uhlobo lophawu "lwesimo esihlangene sesintu, esingene enkathini entsha." Angazi ukuthi kungakanani okuphumelela, kepha angizange ngicabange ngesithombe esibaziweyo se-cosmonaut edumile, akukho okufana nalokho. U-Yuri Gagarin, ubonisa injabulo ngezandla zakhe zivukile. Isibazi, sikhonjwe ngensimbi, nesisekelo senziwe ngamatshe, ngombono wami, ukusuka eGranite, kodwa ngingaba nephutha.