IPoland icebile ekukhangelweni okuhlukahlukene. Zombili zemvelo nangokomlando.
Kepha uqobo, ngithanda ukuhlala entweni elandelayo.
Igama laleli dolobha mhlawumbe bonke abantu bayaziwa. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvakasha kwakhe ngenxa yezizathu ezingaqondakali akuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezivakashi zaseRussia. Yize ngeze. Indaba idinga (futhi ibalulekile) ukwazi, noma ngabe kuyini.
Lo muzi uyiphuzu elibuhlungu kakhulu kumephu yasePoland. Igama lakhe - auschwitz…
I-Auschwitz (Kipolishi. Oświęcim, it. I-Auschwitz) isemakhilomitha angama-60 entshonalanga yeKrakow. Empeleni kusuka eKrakow futhi elula kunazo zonke ukufika lapha.
Umlando wedolobha ucishe ube yiminyaka engama-800. I-Auschwitz ingelinye lamadolobha amadala ePoland, lasungulwa ngekhulu le-XII, futhi ukushiwo okokuqala kwe-Auschwitz kubhekiselwa ku-1179 (noma ngo-1117 ngokweminye imininingwane). Kwakuyidolobha elihle levintage.
Futhi akulona ngengozi ukuthi impela lapha, njengokuhlekisa komlando wePoland, phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili, amaNazi ahlela ikamu lokuhlushwa, okwaba indawo yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi emlandweni wonke wesintu. Ngemuva kokujoyina idolobha liye kuFascist Germany, waba negama Auschwit.
Kamuva, kwinqubo yaseNuremberg, umyalo wokuqala we-Auschwitz Rudolf Höss ebufakazini bakhe balinganiselwa inani lababulewe ezigidini ezingama-2,5. Kodwa-ke, inani lazo likhona, ngoba amadokhumenti amaningi abhujiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaNazi awazange acabangele abantu abathumele ngokushesha emakamelweni egesi ngokushesha lapho befika. Manje kwelinye lamabhulokhi kukhona okugciniwe lapho idatha ezitsheni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-650 igcinwe. Horror ...
Njengamanje, kungenzeka ukuvakashela izakhiwo zeMnyuziyamu " Auschwitz I. "Futhi" Auschwitz II -Birkenau".
Ukuqala ngo-8: 00, ukuvalwa kwenzeka ngokuya ngesizini: Ehlobo - ngo-19: 00, ekwindla / ngo-17: 00, ebusika - ngo-15: 00.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba (kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuye ku-15: 00) ngo-Okthoba (kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuye ku-15: 00), kuphela njengengxenye yeqembu elinomhlahlandlela. Kwakhiwa amaqembu, njengomthetho, njengokugcwaliswa. Isigameko esidumile kunazo zonke sasePoland nesiNgisi (isikhathi sokuqashwa kwehlobo njalo ngesigamu sehora). Qoqa namaqembu ngezilimi zaseFrance, zaseJalimane, zaseSpay, zaseSpain, zase-Italy, zaseCzech nezilimi zaseSlovak. Ungazama ukulinda "isethi" yeqembu elikhuluma isiRussia, kepha njengoba ngishilo, ukuvakashela i-Auschwitz akuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezivakashi zaseRussia, ngakho-ke ubungozi buwulindeli uhambo. Ukuvakashela amaqembu asePoland kungama-zlotys angama-25, njengengxenye yamaqembu angaphandle - u-zł.
Ungahamba ngaphandle komhlahlandlela, kepha kuze kube ngu-10: 00 ekuseni, noma ngemuva kwe-15: 00 (lokhu uma isizini). Uma kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi, khona-ke hamba ngaphandle komhlahlandlela uvunyelwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ukungena kuvulekile. Futhi umnyango ngaphandle komhlahlandlela mahhala (lokho kumahhala). Kuqinisekisiwe.
I-Aushwitz II Complec - IBirkenau ingahanjwa ngaphandle kwesiqondisi futhi mahhala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kepha, uma kunesifiso sokulalela umhlahlandlela, khona-ke kungenzeka eqenjini, nemali eyengeziwe.
Ngaphezulu komnyango wendawo yekamu le-Auschwitz ilenga isiqubulo esithi: "Arbeit Macht Frei" (okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "Abasebenzi Abasebenza Abasebenzi"). Ngesinye isikhathi lapho esemnyango weziboshwa ezabuya emsebenzini, i-orchestra yadlala, iziboshwa zalakhiwa.
Ngo-2009, umyalo wokuqala wensimbi we-cast-iron "we-macht frei" webiwe futhi wabukelwa izingxenye ezintathu zokuxhumana okwalandela eSweden. Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini ezintathu nje kamuva ezatholakala ngamaphoyisa. Emva kwalokho, okubhaliwe okungenhla komnyango kwathathelwa indawo ikhophi elikhona kuze kube namuhla.
Iziboshwa zokuqala zavela e-Auschvice ngo-1940, lapho izakhamuzi ezingama-728 ziletha amakamu angama-728 ekamu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akekho osindile kulokhu.
Futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokubhujiswa kwabantu abaningi e-aushepwitz i camp, ngisebenzisa igesi "cyclone" b ", amaNazi achithe ngoSepthemba 3, 1941. Ngemuva kwalokho iziboshwa ezingama-600 zaseSoviet zempi neziboshwa ezingama-250 zePoland zahanjiswa ekamu. Emva kwalokho, emagumbini angaphansi komhlaba we-block No. (ebizwa ngokuthi "iyunithi lokufa"), bonke babulawa besebenzisa i- "cyclone" b ". Lokhu kuhlolwa kwaqashelwa ngempumelelo amaNazi, bese kuthi igesi engenhla yaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchitha abantu.
Ngokuvamile, lapho uwa ensimini yekamu langaphambili lokuhlushwa auschwitz I, eshaya ngokushesha ukuthi konke okuhle nesiJalimane kufakwe kanjani lapha. Ngaphandle kwangaphandle, kunjalo. Izakhiwo ezifanayo zokuhlala, amalambu emnyango, emigwaqweni ethambile, utshani obugodliwe ...
Noma kunjalo futhi angikholwa ukuthi yiziphi ezesabekayo eza eza lapha phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili, bangaki abantu lapha abahlukunyezwa futhi babhujiswa. Futhi kuphela umucu ongabonakali wemigqa eminingana yezintambo ezivinjelwe lapho kwenzeka khona i-voltage voltage yamanje, ibuyela kwangempela. Futhi ngemuva kokuqala ukufaka izindlu ezahlukahlukene, bheka ukuvezwa. Nje ubusuku obunzima.
Kokunye kwamaphuzu abi kakhulu, ikamu lokuhlushwa liyinombolo ebhubhisayo ye-block 11. Lapha emakamelweni kugcinwe iziboshwa ngaphambi kokugwetshwa. "Ukuma" Ababhekele "kuyakhazimula ikakhulukazi, lapho iziboshwa zazingenalo ithuba lokuhlala phansi. Kokunye kokungaphansi kwakukhona igumbi legesi. Lapho sasise-Auschwitz, umnyango webhulokhi le-11 wavalwa, kodwa ukwethembeka, hhayi kakhulu.
Igceke phakathi kwama-10th kanye ne-11th Corps abiyelwe ngodonga oluphakeme, kwabizwa ngokuthi "udonga lokufa". Ngaphambi kwalodonga, amaNazi adubule iziboshwa eziyizinkulungwane eziningana (iningi lezigxobo). Futhi egcekeni kunezingwegwe ezikhethekile zokuhlukunyezwa. E-block nombolo 10, egqoke ama-shutter wokhuni ukuze kungabikho okungenzeka ngaphakathi ukuze ubuke lokhu kubulawa kwenziwa lapha.
Noma kunjalo, ucingo oluvinjelwe lutholakala lapho kuhlolwa khona igesi "i-cyclone" b ". Ngemuva kokuthi le yunithi isetshenziswe njengegumbi legesi lapho iziboshwa zacekelwa phansi ngamanani amancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekamu le-Auschwitz, i-crematorium nayo itholakala ngemuva kocingo lwekamu. Manje ngaphakathi kusuka ezintweni zangempela ungabona izitha ezimbili ezibuyiselwe lapho kushiswa khona izidumbu ezingaba ngu-350 ngosuku.
By the way, ngo-Ephreli 1947, uRudolf Höss, umyalo wokuqala wekamu lokuhlushwa lase-Auschwitz, amasosha aseBrithani anikeza uhlangothi lwesiPolitha egcekeni ngenxa yamacala enze amacala.
Empeleni, lapho bexoxa nge-auschwitz, kunalokho kusho ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi Auschwitz II. (noma Birkenauau ). Kwakuyimboni yangempela yokufa. Lapho-ke ebherki le-Woodedon elinamateki elinezigxobo, amaJuda, amaRussia, ama-Gypsies kanye neziboshwa zezinye izizwe. Futhi isibalo sabahlukunyezwa baleli khempu (kufakazelwe kuphela) okubalelwa kubantu abangaphezu kwesigidi.
Ngale ndlela, amaJuda amaningi afika ekamu le-Auschwitz-Birkenah enenkolelo eqinile yokuthi amaJalimane abo athumela ngaphandle "endaweni yokuhlala" eMpumalanga. Europe. Futhi amaJalimane asuka eHungary naseGrisi athengiswa "amazwe angewona ama-akhona kanye neziza zentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, abantu abavame ukulethela ubucwebe nemali.
Ngeshwa, sasingenaso isikhathi esanele sokuhlola i-Auschwitz II. Kepha ngikholwe, futhi owokuqala wanele ukuhlola zonke izinga elibuhlungu.
Ngeke ngisakuyeka empilweni yabantu abangamaJuda e-Auschwitz, kodwa njengamanje, akekho umJuda owayehlala lapha.