Kaunas - idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu le-Lithuania. Lapho uKaunas kwakukhona ngisho nenhloko-dolobha yesikhashana yezwe - kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1940.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi edolobheni, manjalo, ake sithi, kusukela eVilnius naseKlaipeda, baphila, iningi labantu abaseLithuania. I-Russian, e-Ukraines kanye nabaseBelarusians lapha bangaphezulu kuka-5%. Idolobha elidala. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kukhulunywa ngaye ngo-1361, futhi ngekhulu le-15 kaunas (kevna) kwakuyindawo ebalulekile yezomnotho neyokuthenga kanye nembobo yomfula we-Lithuaning Priphonence. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu le-17 kanti uKaunas wabhekana noKaunas wehla, futhi, ngemuva kokuphakama okuncane, emva kwenye impi, lo muzi wabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kepha ukululama kwedolobha akuzange kuzenze ukulinda. Futhi ngokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, idolobha lalivele libizwa ngokuthi lichuma impela.
Futhi namhlanje uKaunas waziwa njengenye yezikhungo ezindala zobuciko bezobuciko. Lapha kukhiqize ngenkuthalo imikhiqizo yovolodo oboshwe, izimpahla ngokhuni, isikhumba, ubumbahembe, itshe. Njengoba idolobha lidala, akumangazi ukuthi kukhona izinto eziningi zomlando. Futhi lapha, ngendlela, yini.
IBlagoveshchenskyky Cathedral
Ingatholakala enkabeni yedolobha, eduze nesiteshi, epaki. Isonto lesonto lakhiwa ngo-1932 eduze kwethempeli lovuko, elingazange libambe isixuku samalungu esonto. Ithempeli lakhiwa emibhalweni yabahlali bendawo, ithempeli lalihle kakhulu, kwakukhona ikwaya enokunethezeka. Ngo-1962, ithempeli lethempeli lovuko lavalwa, kwathi i-Annunciation Cathedral yaba ukuphela kwethempeli elisebenzayo edolobheni. Manje bakha okunye, kunjalo.
Ngokuqondene nokuvela kwesonto lesonto, iCathedral of Grey Brick yakhiwa ngesitayela se-vladimir-suzdal, inezindawo ezinhlanu ezinama-arros akhiwe. I-Western Facade yesakhiwo yamukela izivakashi umpheme onamakholomu, kunezihlalo zobukhosi ezimbili e-Altare. Ithempeli ligcinwa yisithonjana esiyisimangaliso sokusinda kukanina kaNkulunkulu, izivakashi zivela ezivela phesheya. Futhi eCathedral kunesithonjana esinezingcweli zikaMVA. Euphhrosynia nguPolotsk, yize leli qiniso laziwa ukuthi lincane.
Kaunas castle (Kauno pilis)
Kukholakala ukuthi le yinqaba yakudala yamatshe eLithuania. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kukhulunywa ngazo kuma-annals angu-1361. Inqaba ingatholakala edolobheni elidala ukuze lizisole kakhulu, le nqaba ayiphili ezinsukwini zethu ngokuphelele, ingxenye yesithathu yasala. Ekuqaleni, inqaba yayingama-quadrangerilar, esitashini se-gothic, ngegceke elibanzi kanye nemigqa emibili yezindonga noMoat. Izindonga zazinamandla, amamitha ayi-2 ngobukhulu nokuphakama okungu-13. Inqaba kwakufanele ivikele idolobha ekuhlaselweni kwe-knights of the teutonic oda.
Kuliqiniso, ngo-1362, ama-crusaders akwazi ukudonsa nokubhubhisa inqaba. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, bakha okusha emanxiweni enqola endala, manje sekuvele kukhona izitha ezithuthukisiwe nezilungele ukuhlasela. Izindonga sezivele zikhudlwana, amamitha ayi-2,5-3,5, yize izindonga seziphansi. Kepha kuwo wonke amakhorali enqaba entsha ayekhona imibhoshongo, kwandiswa nomuthi. Kuzungeze le nqaba kamuva futhi wavuka idolobha.
Ngekhulu le-XVI Century, le nqaba yathuthukiswa, ingezwe i-semicircular izithunywa, umgodi washiywa ezindongeni zabafana, umhubhe wajoyina umbhoshongo nge-Basttion. Ububi bugxile ngekhulu le-17, lapho umfula waqubuka wageza omunye wodonga lwenqaba, ngenxa yokuthi umbhoshongo owodwa wawa, kwathi kamuva yonke ingxenye yenqaba yahlukana.
Namuhla singabona izingxenye zezindonga nemibhoshongo emibili. Kwenye yazo, kuma-60s, kwavulwa imnyuziyamu, etshela izivakashi zakhe ngomlando wenqaba. Ensimini yale nqaba iyamiswa: ama-bonfires, ama-knights, amahhashi, izimpi. Futhi minyaka yonke ngonyaka ezinyaweni zeKaunas Castle, umkhosi we-Openetta ubanjwa.
ILithuania Museum of National Beta (Lietuvos Liaudies Buts Muziejus)
Lona i-Open-Air Museum ethandekayo eRumshishkes, okuyi-15-imizuzu engu-15 evela eKaunas. Umnyuziyamu ubesebenza kusukela ngo-1974. Ngokuvamile, ama-rumshishkes yipaki lesiko lesizungu laseLithuania, elula esigcawini ngamahektare ayi-175. Lapha ungawazisa izindawo ezakhiwe kabusha zamaLithuania we-Xix sekwedlule isikhathi - amakhulu amabili we-XX.
Imnyuziyamu inezakhiwo zokuhlala, izinhlaka zasendlini kanye nezikhumbuzo zezobuchwepheshe (cishe izingcezu eziyi-14). Lezi zingokoqobo, zalethwa yilelo lizwe lonke. Ezinye zazo iminyaka engama-200, ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, indawo iyathakazelisa kakhulu, izakhiwo zixhunyiwe efeni, kepha zizungeze "isikwele" kunezindawo zedolobha. Epaki ungahamba enkulisa, bheka imithombo nezingadi, funda ukuthi babamba kanjani impilo yabo yansuku zonke, ukubona ukuthi badlani kunokwenziwayo nakho konke lokho. Epaki kukhona ababonisi ngokhuni, oluka, ababumbi kanye nabanye. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi uzame ezinye izikebhe isikhashana, ngokwesibonelo, usike ithoyizi lokhuni. Lapha kukhona ihholo lombukiso elinemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ubude obuphelele bendlela epaki yi-6 km, okungukuthi, ukuhlola lokhu okukhangayo ukugqamisa okungenani amahora amaningi. Ngendlela, unga-oda uhambo lokuya enqoleni. Ehlobo, ama-faires, imikhosi, amaholide aphethwe epaki, wonke amahle kakhulu, anomsindo futhi agqamile - ngokungangabazeki isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela nokuthola izikhumbuzo ze-lithuania ezingcono kakhulu: amakhabe, onodoli, ukufezeka.
Pazaislis (Pazaislis)
Lesi sitayela se-baroque isitayela simi ebhange elihle leNeman River. Futhi lokhu kungumbukiso wangempela! Ekuqaleni, lokhu kwakhiwa kwakhiwa njengesigodlo se-kamaldulov-herkers, phakathi nekhulu le-17. I-Complex ifaka isango, isakhiwo esisodwa segumbi lokuhlala, igceke elibanzi elinezakhiwo ezimbili zomnotho, ithempeli elinezindela ezimbili, igalari nezindlu ezivaliwe, i-eremitorium) kanye nombhoshongo othosiwe ezintathu . Ngeshwa, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 kwabe sekubhujiswa ithempeli, kwathi ngawo-1930 kwathi ngo-1930 isigodlo sezindela savalwa, kwathi kwakhiwa kwangeniswa esigodini sasekholwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo eziningi zacekelwa phansi noma zahlelwa kabusha, izifanekiso zidilizwa, ama-frescoes apeyintiwe, izakhiwo zihlehlisiwe.
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-ENNGENT yisonto (okungukuthi, ithempeli) lingamamitha angama-30 ububanzi namamitha angama-50 aphezulu. I-hexagonal yesonto, ene-dome, emuhle kakhulu ngaphakathi, izindonga zemabula zezimbali ezimnyama nezipinki, ama-frescoes, i-stucco kanye ne-bas-khulu impumulo - kuyiqiniso futhi ngemuva kwalezo zehlakalo ezidabukisayo akukho okusalile lokho. Kepha ungacabanga ukuthi bekuhle kanjani ngalezo zinsuku. Ngamafuphi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lonke lokwakheka lalishiywe ngokuphelele futhi kwahanjiswa ngenxa yeziphathimandla zaseLithuania kulabo odade basebandla laseCasimir Holy Casimir, kwafika lapho. Uhambo luhlelwe kwinkimbinkimbi, kanye nasensimini yePazhaislis Music Festival.