I-Alexandria sisixeko esikwiNayile Delta. Yeyona port iphambili kunye nesixeko yesibini ngobukhulu eYiputa. Isixeko sazolula iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesibini ecaleni konxweme lweMeditera. Wammisa uAlexander Macedonia - ngo-322 Gto.n. IAlexandria yazi kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yendawo yabo yabakhenkethi. Bonke abaza apha baya kuqhelana nabo ngovuyo.
Leyo yenye yemimangaliso I-Firosky Syak Kwiminyaka le-1375 yatshabalalisa inyikima enamandla. Ngeenkulungwane idlulile, noSultan Kite-Bay, ukuphilisa inqaba enamandla, ibingubani na. Olu luphawu lwakudala lwangaphambili aluzange luhlaziywe kwakudala, ngoku ulususi ububi babalaseleyo baseAlexandria. Apha Imbali yeMbali.
Enye yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo idolophu I-Alexandria Ithala leencwadi Ngubani owayeseyona ngcaciso inkulu kakhulu engaguqukiyo malunga nehlabathi. Kwakukho malunga namakhulu amane amawaka emibhalo ebhalwe ngesandla. Kwi-48 BC Esi sixeko sasininzi phantsi kokungqingwa kwemikhosi yomlawuli uJulia Caesar, emva koko umlilo waqala eAlexandria, wenza ithala leencwadi. Into engasekelwa njengoko icelwe yafudukela kwi-serpium, eyayisebenza njengeziko lesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, kamva-ekuqaleni kweXesha lethu - le misebenzi yatshabalaliswa ngamaKristu awayenganqweneli ukugcina into enxulumene nobuhedeni. Apho ilayibrari yase-Alexandria yayisemini yakudala, ngoku ayaziwa ngoku. I-Serpium yayikwindawo yekholamu yePompee, eyenye yabakhenkethi yasedolophini.
Ikholamu yePompeeV
Le kholamu yakhiwe iGranite ebomvu, ukuphakama kwayo ziimitha ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Yakhiwa ikholamu ukuze uzukise uMlawuli uDiocetian. Kufuphi nolwakhiwo kukho igalari engaphantsi komhlaba apho iinkunzi zeenkomo ezingcwele zingcwatywe - i-Apisa, kunye namanani amathathu e-sphinx.
Ngokutsho kwembali, le kholamu ephelelwe lixesha ngenxa yevuko, eliyenzeka ngo-297. Esi sixeko sasingqinwa kumlawuli waseDehotyan, emva koko sathatyathwa. Abahlaseli babona abemi abalambileyo baza baxela kumlawuli wabo, kwaye wanika umthetho wokuhambisa isonka. Apha, njengombulelo ngale nto, ngokuthanda kwedolophu kuqala kwaye wakhe ikholamu engamashumi amabini anesihlanu esebenzisa i-Red Asia Granite njengempahla. Kwaye igama lalinikwa kuye, ngokucacileyo lalibizwa labini.
I-Ab-Abbas Mosque
I-Ab Al-Abbas Mosque yeyona inkulu kwaye idume kakhulu esixekweni. Wakhiwe ngama-Algerians kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo apho ngaphambili yayilifumene i-Streences eyaphukileyo - ingcwaba le-Islamic St-Al-Mkas Al-Morsi, owayehlala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinantathu. Wayesisiphumo esivela eAndalusia, emva koko uSheikh kubuzalwana baseShadheli, owayeseka i-Abu al-Hassan Al-Shadheli. Ukusukela ukwakhiwa kwe-mosque kuqhutywa lutshintsho oluninzi.
Ekuqaleni, yayikukuphela kwengcwaba laseNgcwele, ngelo xesha le-130th G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. G. Kwaye ukongeza - i-mosque egqwesileyo kwindawo encinci. Ebusuku, i-Pilgrim - i-Egypt kunye neMorocan amaSilamsi yaqala ukuhamba apha.
Ngo-1477, kwimiyalelo yeNkosi yeSixeko, iGaqmas El Zhay ivale i-tobb yakhe kufutshane neMosque, emva koko yangcwatywa apho. Kwaye emva kwenkulungwane, ingcwaba le-Sheikh al-Ab-Khuzhmi lakhiwa nalo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lotshintsho kukuhlanjululwa kwentsimi ekufuphi kwizakhiwo ezijikeleze, kwaye zandisa imida yolwakhiwo.
Ulwakhiwo lubekwe kwi-Square "le-middan el up", nto leyo ethetha "isikwere se-mosque". Ihlala malunga neemitha ezingama-43 ezingama-43 eemitha, ijikelezwe ziingcoliso ezintlanu - phakathi kwazo i-Al-Busori kunye ne-yaqut sl- 'Arshi.
Ukuphakama kweendonga zetempile ziimitha ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu, zakhiwe etyeni, i-negaret ikwimo elunxwemeni, ukuphakama kwayo ziimitha ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesithathu. Kukho amanqanaba amane kwi-mosque-4, ishumi elinesihlanu, isibhozo nesithathu kunye nentathu ngaphezulu kwemitha yokuphakama, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukudibana kwenxalenye ephezulu ye-minaret ngu-brass, luyisimboli ye-Islamic yeNyanga.
I-Mosque yayiyinto yokuphinda yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo ngo-1944, ithathwa njengemodeli yezakhono zoyilo. Izihombiso zobuchule kwi-Domes ezine kunye ne-Mineret, i-Decor kwi-witbades kunye ne-Minbar eqingqiweyo - inzuzo yeso sakhiwo senkolo.
Kukho amangenelo amabini aphambili etempileni-emantla afumana isikwere kunye nesitrato esikhokelela kwibhotwe lasebukhosini, ngempuma yakho ikwakhona nayo le ndawo. Izitepsi ezikhokelela kuzo zombini izivuno yigrantite.
Ininzi le-bulk ye-geometri le imele i-octagon kunye namaqela eemitha ezingamashumi amabini anesibini. Iindonga zangaphakathi zangaphakathi zenziwa ngamatye. Iikholamu ezilishumi elinesithandathu kwiGraniian Granite ilondoloze iziseko, emva koko zixhaswe ngumkhombe.
Ububanzi beMinbar - iSebe lolwesihlanu lweentshumayelo zangoLwesihlanu - iimitha ezintandathu. Igumbi eliphezulu alinayo idome enemibongo kwi-quran.
Ngexesha lethu, i-Ab-Al-Abbas el Murssi sisimo esihle. Le yeyona nto iphambili kwi-Islamic eAlexandria.
Intsimi apho izono ikhutshwa - i-maida, kwaye kwindawo yangasese enye-ikwindawo yasentshona yolwakhiwo kwaye inomnyango wayo osijongileyo isikwere.
Indlela yokufumana: I-Al-Ab-Abbas El Mussi Mossi ibekwe kule dilesi ilandelayo: I-Abbaseri, i-Saalah Sharq, Qesm al Gomrok. I-El Bosear Sport ifakwe kufutshane nayo.
Imyuziyam-yaseGreco-yaseRich
Imyuziyam ye-Greek yelinye ilizwe lomhlaba. Kweli ziko lenkcubeko kukho izinto ezingamawaka amashumi amane amawaka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, phakathi kwabo kukho ukhetho lweengqekembe zenkulungwane yesine ukuya kweyesine - ixesha lethu. Ngokwe-sarcophagas apha, iinqanawa zodongwe, iipapile kunye neminye imiboniso, abakhenkethi banethuba lokubona iindlela zobugcisa be-Egypt ye-Ptolemyev, kumaRoma nakumaGrike nakumaGrike.
Kumanani manebukrelekrele kunye namaplanga, bafumana umntu ongu-Alexandria. Kwiholo apho i-rocodile yengwenya kunye nentsalela yengcwele kaThixo, uya kufunda ngonqulo lwezi zilwanyana kwifayile kwifayile.
I-Russian Pieter yokuqala kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ivan Bilibin, ukuba kukufuduka eYiputa, ukuthanda ukuchitha ixesha kule myuziyam.
Yonwabela ukuhamba kwakho ebalini!