Kaunas - Isixeko yesibini seLithuania. Nje ukuba iKaunas yayikuko idolophu yethutyana yelizwe - ukusuka ngo-1920 ukuya kwi-1940.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, edolophini, ngokuchaseneyo, masithi, ku-Vilnius noKlaipedia, bahlala, uninzi lwamaLithuania. I-Russian, i-I Ukrainers kunye ne-Belambulas apha zingaphezulu kwe-5%. Isixeko esidala. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, kukhankanywa ngo-1361, kwaye ngenkulungwane ye-15 uKaunas (emva koko kwe-Kovna) yayiyindawo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho kunye nokuthenga kunye nezibuko lomlambo i-lithuaniation. Nangona kunjalo, nge-17 neye-18 kwiinkulungwane ze-Kaunas wafumana ukuhla, kwaye, emva kokunyuka okuncinci, emva kwenye imfazwe, esi sixeko satshabalala. Kodwa ukululama kwedolophu akuzange kundenze alinde. Kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, esi sixeko sasibizwa ngokuba siphumelele kakhulu.
Kwaye namhlanje uKaunas waziwa njengelinye lamaziko amadala obugcisa obugcisa. Apha ivelise iimveliso zoboya ezisebenzayo, iimpahla ezivela kwiinkuni, ulusu, i-ceramics, ilitye. Kuba idolophu indala, ayimangalisi into yokuba kukho uninzi lwembali. Kwaye apha, ngendlela, yintoni.
I-Blagovehkensky cat'edral
Inokufumaneka kwinxalenye ephakathi yesixeko, kufutshane nesikhululo, epakini. I-Capedral yakhiwa ngo-1932 ecaleni kwetempile yovuko, engazange ibambe isihlwele sabadlishior. Itempile yakhiwa ngeminikelo yabahlali bendawo, itempile intle kakhulu, kwabakho ikwayara efanelekileyo. Ngo-1962, itempile yetempile yovuko yavalwa, kwaye ityhefu ye-inchace yaba kuphela kwetempile esenziwayo esixekweni. Ngoku bazale enye, kunjalo.
Ngokungabonakali ngekati yekati, i-cathedral yezitena ezingwevu iyakhiwe kwi-vladimir-suzdal yesitayile, sine-domes ezintlanu ngomnqamlezo odimazekileyo. Intshona yendawo yesakhiwo iyayamkela iindwendwe iveranda enekholamu, kukho iitrone ezimbini eziweni. Itempile igcinwa ngumbono ongummangaliso wokusinda konina kaThixo, apho iindwendwe zivela phesheya. Kwikati yecawa kukho i-icon ene-relis ye-isv. euphosynia nge-polotsk, nangona le nyaniso yaziwa ukuba incinci.
Kaunas Callle (Kano Pilis)
Kukholelwa ukuba eli lelona litye likhulu kwiLithuania. Okokuqala ngqa, kukhankanywa kwi-Annals ye-1361. Inqaba inokufumaneka kwidolophu yakudala, nangona kunjalo, ukuzisola kakhulu, inqaba ayizange iphile kwimihla yethu ngokupheleleyo, kwasesithathu kuphela. Ekuqaleni, inqaba yayingu-quadranglar, kwisitayile seGothic, ngentendelezo ebanzi kunye nemigca emibini yeendonga kunye ne-moat. Iindonga zazinamandla, ezi-2 zeemitha kububuthathaka kunye ne-13 ukuphakama. Inqaba yayimele ukhusela isixeko kuhlaselo lwee-knights zomyalelo weTeutenic.
Kuyinyani, ngo-1362, abantu baseCleaders bakwazi ukubamba kwaye batshabalalise inqaba. Ke ngoko, emva kweminyaka emi-6, bakha entsha kumabhodlo enqaba endala, ngoku kusele kuhlaziywe kwaye kulungele ukuhlasela. Iindonga zazisele ziqaqambile, 2.5-3.5 iimitha, nangona iindonga beziphantsi ngoku. Ke zona zonke iimbombo zenqaba entsha, zanda nazo. Kuyindawo le nqaba kamva kwaye inyuke isixeko.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XIGE, inqaba yaphucuka, i-semicircisul ye-semicircular yongezwa kwimipu, umngxunya washiywa ezindongeni zamakhwenkwe, i-tennel yangena kwiNqaba kunye neXesha. Ingxilimbela yayixakekile ngenkulungwane ye-17, xa umlambo wawusaphula kwaye wahlamba omnye wodonga lwenqaba, ngenxa yoko kwawa inqaba yenqaba, kwaye kamva yonke inxenye yenqaba yawa yedwa.
Namhlanje sinokubona iindawo zodonga kunye neenqaba ezimbini. Kwenye yazo, kwi-60s, kwavulwa imyuziyam, ethi ixelele iindwendwe zayo ngembali yenqaba. Kwintsimi yale nqaba yokumiselwa: I-BonFires, i-Knights, amahashe, amagqabi. Kananjalo qho ngonyaka ezinyaweni zeKaunas Inqaba, umthendeleko we-opereta ubanjiwe.
IMyuziyam yeLithuania yeBeta yeSizwe yeSizwe (i-Lietuvos Ineits Ziiits Muziejus)
Le yimyuziyam evulekileyo evulekileyo eRumshishkes, eqhutywa yimizuzu eli-15 ukusuka kwiKaunas. Imyuziyam ibisebenza ukusukela ngo-1974. Ngokubanzi, iRumshishkes yipaki yenkcubeko yeLithuanian Flk, yolula kwisikwere kwiihektare ezili-175. Apha unokwazisa iindawo ezihlaziyiweyo zeLithuanians zeLithuanians zeLithuania ze-Xix-xient kwiinkulungwane zakudala.
Imyuziyam inezakhiwo zokuhlala, izakhiwo zasekhaya kunye nezikhumbuzo zobugcisa (malunga ne-140 yeziqwenga). Ezi ziyinyani, zaziswa kulo lonke ilizwe. Abanye babo kangangeminyaka engama-200, nangaphezulu. Ngokubanzi, indawo inomdla kakhulu, izakhiwo zixhunyiwe kwilifa, kodwa zijikeleze "isikwere" kukho izibonelelo zeSixeko. Epakini onokuhambahambayo ngokusebenzisa abakhulisa, jonga amaqula kunye neegadi, funda indlela ababambisa ngayo ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ukubona oko bakutyayo kunokusebenza nako konke oko. Epakini Kukho iinkukhu ezivuthiweyo kwiinkuni, soba, amambimbi kunye nabanye. Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba uzame ubugcisa okwethutyana, umzekelo, usike into yokudlala eyenziwe ngomthi. Kukho apha kunye neholo yomboniso neemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
Ubude becala lendlela epakini yi-6 km, oko kukuthi, ukuyihlola le ncwadana ibalaselisa iiyure ezininzi. Ngendlela, unoku-odola ukhangelwa kwinqwelo. Ehlotyeni, i-fairs, iminyhadala, iiholide zibanjwa epakini, konke ukuqaqamba kwaye ziqaqambile - ngokungathandabuzekiyo, oko kungathandani neLithuaninia: oonodoli, abakholo.
IPazaislis (Pazaiss)
Le ntaka ye-baroque imanzi kwiBhanki entle ye-Neman River. Kwaye lo ngumnikeli bokwenyani! Ekuqaleni, le nto iphazamisayo yakhiwe njengeoyile yabakhi besiamalsulov, embindini wenkulungwane ye-17. Ubunzima buquka isango, ukwakhiwa okukodwa kwegumbi lokuhlala, intendelezo engenalo kunye nezakhiwo ezibini zoqoqosho, itempile enezindlu ezimbini, igadi yezindlu ezivaliweyo, igadi ye-Eremitior . Ngelishwa, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwaye emva koko, itempile yatshatyalaliswa, kwaye ngeminyaka ye-1930 yenkulungwane ye-19 iimonki ivaliwe, kwaye nolwakhiwo lwatshintshelwa kwimoyala endala. Ngapha koko, izakhiwo ezininzi zatshatyalaliswa okanye ziphinde zadilizwa, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ipeyintiwe, izakhiwo zibomvu.
Eyona nxalenye iphambili ye-Ensemble yicawe (oko kukuthi, itempile) ziimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi kwaye malunga neemitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama. ICawa Hexagonal, i-Dodo, ihle kakhulu ngaphakathi, zineendonga zemarble zeentyatyambo ezimnyama nezipinki, ziyinyani, ebuhleni kwezo ziganeko zilusizi zincinci. Kodwa unokuyicingela indlela entle ngayo ngezo ntsuku. Ngamafutshane, ekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yama-20, konke ukwenziwa kwabakho kwaphela kwaye kudluliselwa ngenxa yamagunya eLithuanina kwabadala beBandla leCasimir, bobabini baphila apho. Uhambo luhlelwe lucwangcisiwe, nasekusecaleni komthendeleko womculo wePazhaiss.