Havana ni umurwa mukuru wa Cuba, muri 2015 uyu mujyi uzizihiza Yubile Yubukuruwe n'igihe cya gikinisho guhera umunsi mukuru. Akwiye gufatwa nkikigo kinini cya mukerarugendo mu kirwa cyubwisanzure. Imiterere yubatswe imijyi yibasiwe nuburyo butandukanye - inyubako zegeranye hano, yubatswe nabakoloni bo muri Espagne, ninyubako nshya ziyongera, zubatswe hakoreshejwe ikirahure na beto. Ahantu heza: Umurage w'amateka wibanze mu mujyi rwagati, umubare wa kera wa kera ukurura abantu igihumbi. Urutonde rwibibungerereye mukigo cyamateka ya Havana cyuzuzwa igihe cyose.
Judonment Malegon
Umujyi uherereye ku nkombe z'ikigobe cya Mexico, ikarita ye y'ubucuruzi ni amayeri meza ya mankonment maycon, itangira ku miterere y'ibihome ya La Punta ikarangira hafi y'umugezi wa Almen. Iyi zuba yateguwe mu 1875, ariko kubaka byatangiye mu 1902 gusa, kandi kirangira - mu 1926.
Kugenda hejuru ya jandconment, uzitanga kwibuka ibintu byiza bya Havana, kuko ari ahantu h'urukundo cyane aho urukundo rutekereza kandi rukigarurira ibyababayeho byumwuka.
"Malecon", by the way, no guhindura nk "kondaga". Kuva ku nyanja, umurongo we warangiye wavuganaga n'ubuto bw'agavu ubuvumo, grottoes no kwiyuhagira, bikacibwa mu rutare. Ntibishoboka kuzamuka kurukuta kuva ku nyanja, no kuruhande rwumujyi ni tongi gusa kumukandara. Ahantu hera ni ubusa - ba mukerarugendo nabashakanye baho bahitamo kwicara kuri parapeti, shimishwa no kureba inyanja. Yabonye izina ry'intebe ndende y'urukundo ku isi.
Ntuzabona ku nkombe "Malekon" mu isaha imwe n'abarobyi, kandi abantu baje kugenda - kuroba hano basezeranye kare mu gitondo (ahantu heza ni hafi ya hoteri "Sekibi"). Urashobora, ariko, reba ibyo kurya, utanga ikibazo cyo kuroba no kwibira mu nyanja kuva kurukuta.
Ku masaha y'iya masaha, mu ntambara, amatsinda ya ba mukerarugendo aragenda - inzira ziva mu muhanda wa La Chorrera, zijya mu kanwa k'umunwa wa Almenarya, hafi y'umunara wa cumi n'umunani, Urwibutso rwa Antonio Maso (yari Jenerali Milat, Intwari y'intambara kubera ubwigenge bwo mu 1895), inyubako yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'umujyi ni ibitaro by'igihugu, ndetse n'urwibutso rw'ubwicanyi bw'abasare ninde Yapfuye mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda kuri botleship y'Abanyamerika "Maine" inyura na cafe, amahoteri na casinos.
Nimugoroba birasa naho igitekerezo cy'uko abatuye Havana baza hano. Birashoboka ko ibi ari ukuri - abantu bari mu isambu bishimishije, babyina kandi baririmba, nkaho hasigaye, ibintu byose bisigaye kandi bikenewe kugirango ibintu byose byuzuye - hano n'ubu. Mu rubanza, niba karnivali yanyuze muri iki gihe, noneho mugihe nkiki kuri jandconment ya japcon, urashobora kubona urugendo, urusekere, kumva, ibibyimba byabakobwa ... Umunsimu ibyo bizaguha muri Havana themonkment y'urukundo ...
Igihome cya Abera Batatu Abami El Morro
Iki ni inyubako y'ibihome yubatswe mu myaka 1589-1610, iherereye ku bwinjiriro ku cyambu cyo mu mujyi no kunanuka ku nkombe za metero 25-35. Ntabwo ari ibidasanzwe, nkuko byahinduwe munsi yurucacagu rwinyanja. Igihome kigereranya Ibitekerezo bitatu, bihujwe ukoresheje Kurtic - Urukuta rwo kurasa mu nzego zitandukanye. Iki nyubako y'ibihome cyafatwaga nk'icome, igihe cyose atafashwe n'abanditsi b'Abongereza mu 1762. Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, hashyizweho urumuri hano ku cyerekezo cy'abasare, ikingira kumenya inkombe no kwinjira ku cyambu. Muri iki gihe, hari igikurura kimwe cyakerarugendo - parike nini ya morro-caban.
Agace k'intwaro
Iyo umujyi mushya umaze kugaragara muri Espagne, hanyuma ubanze wubake plaza de Armaas - ahantu twintwaro. Ikintu cya mbere cyari kigeze aho, kandi iyo gahunda izengurutse - kubaka itorero, Inzu y'Umujyi cyangwa komine, inzu y'abayobozi cyangwa guverineri, ndetse n'ahantu posita. Hanyuma umuhanda uva mu kibanza nk'imidugudu ikikije hamwe nindi mijyi, nyuma yabaye imihanda. Muri Cuba, umuco nk'uwo ntiwibagiwe, bityo rero kare ya mbere kandi nyamukuru i Havana ni Plaza de Armaas. Agace k'intwaro gazengurutswe n'inyungu nk'izo nk'ingoro ndangamurage y'Umujyi, cyangwa ingoro ya Kapiteni rusange, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Ibisimba, cyangwa inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu, cyangwa inzu ndangamurage ya La furz, ndetse n'imiterere nto y'urusengero. Plaza de Armaas ni yo yanditswe 1575, aha hantu ni umurage wigihugu.
Parike Nkuru
City Col Park, cyangwa Hagati ya Parque, ni ahantu ukunda kuruhuka no kugenda muri Havana. Ubwa mbere, hari kare ntoya ya elizabeth wa kabiri, nyuma yavukiye ku mipaka y'ubu - nyuma yo gusenya mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda. Mu 1877, ako gace yongeye kubakwa kandi ibikoresho hakoreshejwe ibyo byagezweho byagezweho muri icyo gihe - kuva muri New York, amatara yo mu muhanda na grille yashushanyijeho uruzitiro rwatanzwe hano. Kandi mu 1899, muri Gashyantare, amatara yo gucana amashanyarazi mu mihanda yaburiwe hano bwa mbere mu gihugu.
Intangiriro yikinyejana cya makumyabiri cyaranzwe no kubaka inyubako zingenzi - Amahoteri, ibigo byubucuruzi n'amazu yimiryango ya Espagne. Ku ya 24 Gashyantare 1905, igishusho cya marimari cya Hosé Martry of Essurship ya Hosé Vilata Saavedra yashyizwe muri parike.
Mu 1960, kwinjiza parike byakoraga mu bubiko Eukhenio Batista - ntacyo yahinduye neza, yazamuye ahantu nyaburanga.
Aho kuba babiri muri bane hano, amasoko aherereye hano, yashinze ibiti bigufi, maze ku mpera ya parike, ashyiraho indabyo - mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro abanyeshuri umunani, bararashe Ingabo za Espagne mu 1871. Igishushanyo cya Hosé Marty cyari kizengurutswe n'ibiti by'imikindo makumyabiri n'umunani - nk'ikimenyetso cy'itariki yo gukunda igihugu.
Muri iki gihe, Parike Nkuru ni oasisi yihariye ushobora kuruhuka kuva mu mujyi mu mijyi ku ntebe kandi urebe abahisi. Amajyepfo ya José Marty Igishusho nikintu gisa na Hyde Park i Londres - "inguni" ishyushye ", ahantu ho gusiga amakuru ya politiki.