Ningbo ni umujyi w'icyambu ari intera ya kilometero mirongo itandatu wo muri Shanghai, hagati mu karere k'inganda mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Zhejiang. Izina ry'umujyi risobanura "amazi atuje" - ridatangaje, kuko tubikesheje uyu mutungo w'imiraba yinyanja Ningbo yahindutse umwe mu bishumba - ibyambu byinshi ku isi. Muri iki gihe, ari mu mwanya wa karindwi mu byambu. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, umujyi wiyongereye cyane mu baturage, ubu hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni esheshatu. Ningbo iherereye hagati yikigo cya leta mumajyepfo ya Delta yumugezi wa Yangtze kandi afite ubuso bwa metero kare 9365, muri zo 1033 Sq ni igice cyakagari k'umujyi.
Ningbo yari umujyi wagaciro gakomeye mugihe cyizuba. Nyuma y'intambara ya Opemium irangiye, yabaye imwe mu byambu byiza mu bwami bwo hagati kubera umwanya we mwiza. Muri Ningbo, usibye ibyo byateye imbere neza mubijyanye n'ubukungu, nimwe mu mijyi myiza - kubera ahantu nyaburanga. Murakoze ahantu hashyizwe mu murima w'ikirere cy'imihindagurikire y'ibihe, ubushyuhe bukabije bukomeza kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buhagije ni byibuze kuri dogeresi cumi n'itandatu. Umujyi urashimishije gusura igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumwaka. Kurugero, mugihe cyo mu cyi urashobora gusura akarere Tiahe , mu gace k'imisozi Tiantai, Sueudou , hafi y'umujyi Sikou , kandi mu gihe cy'itumba - jya Amasoko ashyushye nanxies . Amajyaruguru Ningbo akungahaye kubiyaga bitangaje - nka Iburengerazuba, Ikiyaga cya Tayilande na Dunqian - Kubareba. Ba mukerarugendo baza mubihe byose byumwaka. Ningbo, birumvikana ko umujyi ugezweho uba ukurikije inzira nshya, ariko abayituye mu mbuto ziva mu migano, bagakora ubushishozi mu migano, mato, ibishushanyo mbonera by'imigano - kora ibishusho .
Ningbo kandi ni umwe mu mijyi ya kera cyane mu bwami bwo hagati, bwabaye inshuro nyinshi guhura nabyo, no kugabanuka kw'amategeko y'impaka. Umujyi ufatwa nk'aho akomoka mu muco w'ubucukuzi wa Neolith Hamoud, ni imyaka ibihumbi birindwi. Ku ntera ya kilometero makumyabiri na kabiri kuva Ningbo yashinze Inzu Ndangamurage yumuco Hamuda yari izwi cyane cyane kubera ibicuruzwa bya ceramic. mico ya kera cyane ko ryakomeje mu karere iyi ingaruka n'uko mu minsi yacu Ningbo nibyo tubona we - umugi, imbere ubukungu no kugira ubutunzi bwinshi mateka n'umuco karande.
Ningbo, mubindi bintu, iyi ni imwe mu mijyi ya mbere mu bwami bwo hagati, bwari bwugururiwe ku isi y'iburengerazuba, bityo, abamisiyoneri batangira kuza kare cyane mu myanya yaho. Kubera iyo mpamvu - muri Ningbo, ugereranije nindi mijyi yose yo muri leta, imyanya ikomeye yimyizerere ya gikristo. Ku rundi ruhande, ahantu hegereye ikirwa cyera cya Putoshan no kuba hari umubare munini w'insengero zizwi cyane z'Ababuda zishimangira ibisobanuro by'ubujura. Umujyi ufite insengero 565 z'Ababuda, 298 - Umukristo, muri bo 52 ari abagatolika. Hariho kandi umusigiti umwe.
Nabyo ni inyungu Isomero Tiayi. . Imyaka ye - imyaka magana ane mirongo itatu. Iki kigo nikitabo cya kera cyane mubwami bwo hagati. Ni hafi yikiyaga cya Lunar.
Ikiraro cyubwubatsi bwumusore Ninde urambura ikigobe cya Hangzhouvan, ni ikiraro kirekire cyo mu nyanja ku isi - uburebure bwacyo ni kilometero mirongo itatu na gatandatu.
Insengero muri Ningbo
Umuco wubukorikori wateje imbere uragaragara hano ukesha umubare munini wamateka atangaje. Urusengero Ashoka (Ayuvan), ni imyaka igihumbi n'imyaka ibihumbi magana arindwi, akomeza gucogora cyane Budisti ya Shakyamuni. Teanauulle Urusengero Birashimishije gushimira ahantu hatagereranywa hamwe nuburyo bwubwubatsi. Umuhungu wurusengero - Imwe mu nyubako za kera z'ibiti zubatswe muri Epoch zidasanzwe zizwiho ko inkuta zacyo ari igishusho kinini cy'intebe ya Porcelain Buddha - imyaka yacyo ni ibinyejana bitandatu. Mu rusengero harimo no umunara wa feringeter - hari amashusho ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byinshi bya Buda na Sutra ya kera muri yo. Kubaka itorero ry'umuhungu byatangiye mu 1573, ariko umuvuduko we wari muto, kandi imirimo irangiye gusa mu myaka ya 1620. Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani, imirimo yo gusana yakozwe mu rusengero, nyuma yabo isura ye ntiyahindutse kugeza na n'ubu. Itorero ryumuhungu rizwi nkurugero rutangaje rwubwubatsi bwaho. Ibindi bikurura muri Ningbo ni insengero z'Ababuda - Amagambo y'urusengero na Pagoda Tianfeng na Xiatore.
Urusengero AYUVAN Iherereye hafi y'impinga ya Lukhua mu misozi ya Tayiya, kimwe mu by'ingenzi ku bayoboke b'Ubushinwa mu Bushinwa. rusengero ryerekeza ku ishuri rya Chan - Buddhism (Zen - Buddhism), umubare munini abizera kuva Bushinwa bashaka kwinjira ari, benshi muri bo baturutse mu Buyapani, kandi umubare munini mu bihugu by'u Burayi na Amerika - bazasiba ngwino hano umwanya uwariwo wose wumwaka. Urusengero rwa Ashoka runini ni urusengero rwonyine muri leta, rwitiriwe izina ry'Umwami w'Ubuhinde. Yamenyekanye cyane kubera ubumuga no gukwirakwiza Budisime. Dukurikije amakuru yamateka, Ashoka yabonye Ningbo nkahantu amahoro n'ubwumvikane bitegeka. Imigani myinshi ifitanye isano no kugaburira no mumateka yambere yurusengero.
Birashoboka ko urusengero rwumwimerere rwubatswe mugihe cyubutegetsi bwa Zhou - muri 282nds BC. Nyuma yiyi tariki, amakuru yerekeye ubuzima bwurusengero yabuze igihe kirekire. Ibisigisigi byingenzi byurusengero rwa Ashoka Birakomeye ni igufwa rya paridal ya Buda Shakyamuni. Byemezwa ko iyi ari imwe mu bihumbi mirongo inani na bine (!) Imbaga y'abantu yubatswe n'umutegetsi wa Ashokok, aho imbaraga zibikwa. Iyi relic iherereye muntambwe hamwe nintambwe ndwi ziherereye muri salle ya stupa.
Umwe mu gagema mu rusengero azwi kubera icyegeranyo cya Buda. Kandi mu 1993 - M mu gihe cyo gusana, hari umuhamagaro, uri uw'ibihe bya YUan, min na qing. Byongeye kandi, hari icyegeranyo cyibanze cya Ayivan, aho imirimo yumwami Qianpun, ikorana na 1736 - 1795, mugihe cy'ingoma ya Qing - yabasiga mu ruzinduko mu rusengero.