Polonye ikungahaye ku bikurura ibintu bitandukanye. Byombi n'amateka n'amateka.
Ariko kugiti cyanjye, ndashaka kwibanda kubintu bikurikira.
Izina ryuyu mujyi birashoboka ko abantu bose barazwi. Ariko icyarimwe, uruzinduko rwe kubwimpamvu zidasobanutse ntabwo zikunzwe cyane mubakerarugendo b'Abarusiya. Nubwo kubusa. Inkuru ikeneye (kandi ni ngombwa) kubimenya, ibyo aribyo byose.
Uyu mujyi ni ingingo ibabaje cyane ku ikarita ya Polonye. Izina rye - Auschwitz…
Auschwitz (Igipolonye. Oświęcim,. Auschwitz) ni muri kilometero 60 mu burengerazuba bwa Krakow. Mubyukuri kuva Krakow kandi byoroshye kugera hano.
Amateka yumujyi afite hafi imyaka 800. Auschwitz ni umwe mu mijyi ya kera cyane muri Polonye, yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya Xii, kandi havugwa bwa mbere ya Auschwitz bivuga 1179 (cyangwa saa 1117 ukurikije izindi nyandiko). Wari umujyi mwiza wa vintage.
Kandi ntabwo ari amahirwe ko hano, kubera gushinyagurira amateka ya Polonye, mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, Abanazi bateguye ikigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, babaye ahantu ho kwica mu mateka yose y'abantu. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu mujyi kugera mu Budage bwa Fasciste, yabonye izina Auschwit.
Nyuma, mu nzira ya Nuremberg, umuyobozi wa mbere wa Auschwitz Rudolf Höss mu buhamya bwe yagereranije umubare w'icwa muri miliyoni 2.5. Ariko, umubare nyawo muri bo ntushobora, kubera ko inyandiko nyinshi zarimbuwe. Byongeye kandi, Abanazi ntibitaye ku bantu bahise bohereza mu byumba bya gaze bahita bahagera. Noneho muri kamwe murimbukiranya hari ububiko aho amakuru yerekeye imfungwa ibihumbi 650 yabitswe. Horror ...
Kugeza ubu, birashoboka gusura ibigo ndangamurage " Auschwitz I. "NA" Auschwitz II -Birkenau".
Gutangira 8h00, gusoza bibaho bitewe na shampiyona: mu ci - saa 19h00, mu kugwa / ku nkombe - mu itumba - saa 15h00.
Kuva muri Mata kugeza Ukwakira (guhera 10h00 kugeza 15h00) ku Kwakira (guhera 10h00 kugeza 15h00), gusa nkigice cyitsinda hamwe nubuyobozi. Amatsinda yashinzwe, nk'ubutegetsi, nko kuzuza. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Gipolonye na Icyongereza (igihe cyo gushaka icyi cyose buri saha). Gukusanya kandi amatsinda mu Gifaransa, Ikidage, Icyesipanyoli, Igitaliyani, Indimi N'indimi za Silovakiya. Urashobora kugerageza gutegereza "gushiraho" itsinda rivuga Ikirusiya, ariko nkuko nabivuze, gusura Auschwitz ntabwo bikunzwe cyane mubakerarugendo b'Abarusiya, bityo ibyago ntibitegereza kurongora. Gusura amatsinda yo muri Polonye ni abakunzi 25, nkigice cyamatsinda yamahanga - 40 zł.
Urashobora kugenda udafite ubuyobozi, ariko haba kugeza 10h00 za mugitondo, cyangwa nyuma ya 15h00 (iyi ni igihe runaka). Niba kuva mu Gushyingo kugeza Werurwe, hanyuma ugende udafite umuyobozi wemerewe igihe icyo aricyo cyose mugihe ubwinjiriro bwemewe. Kandi ubwinjiriro butayobora ni ubuntu rwose (ibyo ni ubuntu). Yagenzuwe.
Aushiwitz II Ingoro - Birkenaau irashobora kwitabwaho nta buyobozi kandi ihebuje igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyumwaka. Ariko, niba hari icyifuzo cyo kumva umuyobozi, birashoboka rero mumatsinda, nanone kumafaranga yinyongera.
Hejuru y'ubwinjiriro bw'intara y'inkambi ya Auschwitz hamanitse interuro: "Arbeit Macht Frei" (bisobanurwa ngo "imirimo ibohoza"). Orchestra rimwe na rimwe ahita hinjira ku bwinjiriro bw'imfungwa zagarutse ku kazi, orchestra yakinnye, mu mfungwa aringaniza.
Muri 2009, inyandiko yumwimerere-yicyuma "Arbeit Macht Frei" yibwe kandi iboneka mubice bitatu kugirango ihuze na Suwede. Ariko, nyuma yiminsi itatu gusa yavumbuwe nabapolisi. Nyuma yibyo, inyandiko iri hejuru yinjira yasimbuwe na kopi ihari kugeza na nubu.
Imfungwa za mbere zagaragaye i Asichvice mu 1940, ubwo abatuye Ababato 728 batanze 728 mu nkambi. Izwi cyane kuba ntawe warokotse kuri aba bantu.
Igeragezwa rya mbere ku gusenya abantu kurimbuka kwabantu muri Aushinwant i Asukoni, nkoresheje gaze "Inkubi y'umuyaga" b ", Abanazi bakoresheje ku ya 3 Nzeri 1941. Hanyuma bashyikirizwa imfungwa 600 z'abaheburayo ndetse n'imfungwa za Polonye 250 zashyikirijwe 250. Nyuma yibyo, mu byumba byo mu mbaraga zo mu mutaka No 11 (bita "igice cy'urupfu"), bose bishwe bakoresheje "Inkubi y'umuyaga" b ". Ubu bushakashatsi bwemewe na Nazis neza, hanyuma gaze yavuzwe haruguru itangira gukoreshwa cyane kugirango arimbure abantu.
Muri rusange, iyo uguye ku butaka bwahoze ari inkambi yakoranyirizwagamo inyuma auschwitz, uhita utekereza uburyo ibintu byose neza kandi umudage afite ibikoresho hano. Birumvikana rwose. Inyubako imwe yo guturamo, amatara ku muryango, imihanda igororotse, ibyatsi byagaragaye ...
Ndetse na ako kanya kandi sinshobora kwizera ayo mahano yaje hano mugihe cyintambara ya kabiri yisi yose, ni bangahe hano ari imbaho zicanwa kandi zirimburwa. Kandi umurongo utagereranywa gusa wimirongo myinshi yinsinga zunganda zirimo ubumo bwa voltage yabaye, igasubira mubyukuri. Kandi nyuma yo gutangira kwinjira mu nzego zitandukanye, reba. Ijoro gusa.
Muri imwe mu ngingo zikabije, inkangu yakoranyirizwagamo ni ukugereranya nimero 11. Hano mu bihe byo munsi bikomeza imfungwa mbere yo gukanika. "Abakozi bahagaze" bahagaze neza cyane, aho imfungwa zitagize amahirwe yo no kwicara. Muri imwe mu nshuro habaye urugereko rwa gaze. Igihe twari muri Auschwitz, ubwinjiriro bw'ikigo cya 11 bwarafunzwe, ariko kuba inyangamugayo, ntabwo ari byinshi.
Urugo ruri hagati y'imitwe ya 10 na 11 rwuzikijwe n'urukuta rukuru, rwiswe "urukuta rw'urupfu". Mbere y'uru rukuta, Abanazi barashe imfungwa ibihumbi byinshi (cyane cyane inkingi). No mu gikari hari udukoni twihariye two kwica iyicarubozo. Ku ruganda nimero 10, yambaye ifunga ibiti kugirango bidashoboka kuva imbere kugirango urebe iyicwa rikorwa hano.
Ndetse no kure, insinga ziherereyemo ikizamini cya gaze "cyclone" b "zakozwe. Iki gice kimaze gukoreshwa nkicyumba cya gaze imfungwa zasenyutse ku bwinshi.
Ku ruhande rutandukanye rw'inkambi ya Auschwitz, Crematorium nayo iherereye inyuma y'uruzitiro rw'ingando. Noneho imbere mubintu byingenzi ushobora kubona itanura ryabo byagarutsweho aho bigera kuri 350 byatwitswe kumunsi.
By the way, muri Mata 1947, Rudolf Höss, umuyobozi wa mbere w'ikigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cya Auschwitz, igisirikare cy'Ubwongereza cyahaye urukiko kugira ngo ibyaha byakorewe ibyaha.
Mubyukuri, iyo bavuga kuri Auschwitz, ahubwo bisobanura ikigo Auschwitz II. (cyangwa Birkenaau ). Byari uruganda nyarwo rwabaye. Ngaho mu kigo cyidoga kiti rw'ibiti cyarimo inkingi ibihumbi magana, Abayahudi, Abarusiya, Abakandasi n'imfungwa z'abandi mu mahanga. Umubare w'abahohotewe muri iyi nkambi (wagaragaye gusa) urya abantu barenga miliyoni.
Nkuko, Abayahudi benshi bageze mu nkambi ya Auschwitz-Birkenh hamwe no kwizera gukomeye ko Abadage bohereza hanze "gutura" mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Abadage baturutse muri Hongiriya no mu Bugereki baragurishijwe "ibihugu bidahari na platike ku iterambere. Kubwibyo, akenshi abantu bazanye imitako namafaranga.
Kubwamahirwe, ntabwo twabonye umwanya uhagije wo kugenzura Auschwitz II. Ariko nyizera, kandi ibyambere birahagije kugirango usuzume igipimo cyose kibabaje.
Sinzongera guhagarara mubuzima bwabaturage b'Abayahudi i Auschwitz, ariko kuri iki gihe, nta Muyahudi yabaga hano.