Kaunas - Umujyi wa kabiri munini wa Lituwaniya. Iyo Kaunas yari amaze kuba umurwa mukuru w'igihe gito mu gihugu - kuva 1920 kugeza 1940.
Igishimishije, mu gishyanga, reka tuvuge ko kuri Vilnius na Klaipedia, babaho, cyane cyane cyane Lituwaniya. Ikirusiya, Ukraine nabaslayiya hano ni bike birenze 5%. Umujyi ushaje. Ku nshuro ya mbere, havuzwe mu 1361, kandi ku kinyejana cya 15 Kaunas (noneho Kovna) yari ikigo gikomeye cy'ubukungu n'igicuruzi by'uruzi rw'Urumuri rwa Lituwaniya. Icyakora, mu binyejana bya 17 na 18 Kaunas yagize kugabanuka, kandi, nyuma yo kuzamuka gato, nyuma y'iyi ntambara, umujyi warasenyutse rwose. Ariko gukiza umujyi ntiwagutegereje. Kandi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, umujyi washoboraga kwitwa gutera imbere.
Uyu munsi Kaunas azwi nkimwe mubigo bishaje byubukorikori bwubuhanzi. Hano ushishikaye kubyara ibicuruzwa byaboshye, ibicuruzwa biva mu giti, uruhu, ceramics, ibuye. Kubera ko umujyi urashaje cyane, ntabwo bitangaje kuba hari amateka menshi yamateka. Kandi hano, nukuvuga, iki.
Cathedrale ya Blagoveshchensky
Irashobora kuboneka mu gice cyo hagati cy'umujyi, hafi ya sitasiyo, muri parike. Katedrali yubatswe mu 1932 iruhande rw'urusengero rw'umuzuko, udafashe imbaga y'abaparuwasi. Urusengero rwubatswe ku mpano z'abaturage baho, urusengero rwahindutse rwiza cyane, hari korari nziza. Mu 1962, urusengero rw'urusengero rw'umuzuko rwarafunzwe, kandi Katedrasiyo yo gutangaza ihinduka urusengero rwonyine rukora mu mujyi. Noneho bubatse indi, birumvikana.
Naho isura ya katedrali, katedrali yumugati wubatswe muburyo bwa Vladimir-suzdal, ifite dome eshanu ifite imisaraba. Isura y'iburengerazuba bw'inyubako irakarira abashyitsi ibaraza n'inkingi, mu gice cy'ibitambo. Urusengero rubikwa nigishushanyo cyigitangaza cyo gusohoza nyina wImana, aho abashyitsi baza no mumahanga. Muri katedrali kandi hari igishushanyo gifite ibisigisigi bya nyiricyubahiro na polotsk, nubwo iki kintu kizwiho kuba gito.
Kaunas Castle (Kauno Pilis)
Byemezwa ko iyi ari yo hameti ya kera cyane muri Lituwaniya. Bwa mbere, havuzwe mumateka ya 1361. Ikigo gishobora kuboneka mu mujyi wa kera, ariko, mukwicuza cyane, igihome nticyabayeho iminsi yacu burundu, hasigaye uwa gatatu. Mu ntangiriro, ikigo cyari quadracher, muburyo bwa gothique, hamwe nurugo runini hamwe n'imirongo ibiri yinkuta na moat. Urukuta rwari rukomeye, metero 2 z'ubugari na 13 mu burebure. Ikigo cyagombaga kurengera umujyi ibitero byibitero byibicurane bya Teuton.
Nibyo, mu 1362, abanyamanswa bashoboye gufata no gusenya igihome. Kubwibyo, nyuma yimyaka 6, bubatse rishya kumatongo yikibuga cya kera, ubu hari abanzi bakumiye kandi bari biteguye. Inkuta zari zimaze kubyimba, metero 2.5-3.5, nubwo inkuta zari nke. Ariko mu mpande zose z'igihome gishya ni iminara, umwobo nacyo waguwe. Ari hafi y'ibi bigo nyuma no kuzamuka umujyi.
Umuyoboro wa XVI wagenze neza, ikigo cyateye imbere, harwazwa n'isoni, umwobo watereranywe mu rukuta rw'abahungu, umuyoboro wifatanije n'urukuta, umuyoboro wifatanije n'urukuta, umuyoboro wifatanije n'urukuta rw'abahungu, mu rukerera. Ibyago byafashwe mu kinyejana cya 17, igihe uruzi rwamenetse no gukaraba urukuta rw'ikigo, kubera umunara umwe waguye, hanyuma igice cy'umunara umwe cyaguye, hanyuma igice cyose cy'igihome gitandukana.
Uyu munsi dushobora kubona ibice byinkuta na tongi ebyiri. Umwe muri bo, mu myaka ya 60, inzu ndangamurage yakinguye, ivuga ko abashyitsi be bareba amateka y'ikigo. Ku ifasi y'iki gihome yarateganijwe: Bonfires, Knight, amafarasi, intambara. Nanone buri mwaka munsi yikibuga cya Kaunas, umunsi mukuru wa Operetta wabaye.
Inzu Ndangamurage ya Lituwaniya (Lietuvos Liaudies Buts Muziejus)
Iyi ni inzu ndangamurage ishimishije muri Rumshishkes, niyimunota 15 i Kaunas. Inzu ndangamurage yakoraga kuva 1974. Muri rusange, Rumshishkes ni parike yumuco wabantu lituwaniya, kurambura kuri kare muri hegitari 175. Hano urashobora kwishimira gutura mu bubiko bwubatswe bya Lituwaniya byatinze XIX - ibinyejana bya xx.
Inzu ndangamurage ifite inyubako zo guturamo, inzego zo mu rugo hamwe n'inzibutso za tekiniki (ibice bigera kuri 140). Aba nukuri, bazanywe mu gihugu hose. Bamwe muribo mu myaka 200, ndetse birenze. Muri rusange, aho hantu birashimishije cyane, inyubako zihujwe mumitungo, ariko hafi ya "kare" hari ibikoresho byumujyi. Muri parike urashobora gutembera mu kigo cyincuke, reba iriba nubusitani, wige uburyo bafashe ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, kugirango barebe ibyo bakoze kandi byose. Muri parike hari abafite inkumi ku giti, kubora, ababumbyi n'abandi. Nibyo, birashoboka kugerageza ubukorikori mugihe gito, kurugero, gabanya igikinisho cyibiti. Hano hari Hall High hamwe nibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Uburebure bwuzuye bwinzira muri parike ni 6 Km, ni ukuvuga kugenzura iyi gukurura kugirango igaragaze byibuze amasaha abiri. By the way, urashobora gutumiza urujya n'uruza. Mu ci, ikungahaye, iminsi mikuru ikorerwa muri parike, byose bihebuje cyane, urusaku kandi bikaba byiza cyane gusura no kubona ibitambara bya Lituwaniya: ibitambara, ibinumbanyi, ubudozi.
PAZAISS (PAZAISS)
Iyi saroque yubusa ihagaze kuri banki nziza yumugezi wa Neman. Kandi ibi nibisobanuro nyabyo! Mu ikubitiro, iyi shusho yubatswe nk'agayogosha kubahaye kwa Kamallulov-Herkers, hagati mu kinyejana cya 17. Uruganda rurimo irembo, inyubako imwe y'ububiko bw'icyumba, inzu yagutse ifite inyubako ebyiri z'ubukungu, urusengero rufite ibigo bihamije, ubusitani bufunze, ubusitani bufite amazu y'abihayimana (Eremitorium) n'inararibonye. . Kubwamahirwe, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 18 hanyuma urusengero rwongeye kurimbuka, mu myaka ya za 1930, ubwubatsi bwimuriwe ku kigo cya kera cyane. Byongeye kandi, inyubako nyinshi zarimbuwe cyangwa ngo zishushanye, ibishusho irasenywa, firescoes irangi, inyubako zirasekwa.
Igice kinini cyimbuga nitorero (ni ukuvuga urusengero) ni metero 30 z'ubugari na metero 50 z'uburebure. Itorero hexagonal, hamwe na dome, ryiza cyane imbere, hamwe nurukuta rwa marble rwindabyo z'umukara n'indabyo, ongera usuzugure - ukuri, kuva kuri ubu buvuzi nyuma yibyabaye biracyari bike. Ariko urashobora kwiyumvisha ukuntu byarebye neza muri iyo minsi. Muri make, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ibihimbano byose byaratereranywe kandi byimuriwe kubera abategetsi b'ikirere kuri bayobozi b'isamiro yera, bamwe muribo kugeza na n'ubu bahatuye. Urugendo rwateguwe mu kigo, ndetse no ku butaka bw'umuziki wa Pazhaislis.